Here maps of SEDD are obtained from theoretical densities and reveal such features as core electrons chemical bonds lone pairs and delocalization in aromatic systems
It is shown that SEDD provides fingerprints of aromaticity, which can be separated into geometric and electronic effects.Effect of Photobiomodulation in Rescuing Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Dopaminergic Cell Loss in the Male Sprague-Dawley Rat.Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Photobiomodulation (PBM) provides neuroprotection against dopaminergic cell death and associated motor deficits in rodent and primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it has not yet been tested in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of PD, which leads to dopaminergic cell death through microglia-evoked neuroinflammation.
We investigated whether transcranial PBM could protect against dopaminergic cell death within the substantia nigra in male Sprague-Dawley rats following supranigral LPS injection. PBM fully protected rats from 10 µg LPS which would have otherwise caused 15% cell loss, but there was no significant neuroprotection at a 20 µg dose that led to a 50% lesion. Cell loss at this dose varied according to the precise site of injection and correlated with increased local numbers of highly inflammatory amoeboid microglia. Chemical Properties and Reactions of 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid caused motor deficits in the cylinder, adjusted stepping and rotarod tests that correlated with dopaminergic cell loss. While PBM caused no significant improvement at the group level, motor performance on all three tests no longer correlated with the lesion size caused by 20 µg LPS in PBM-treated rats, suggesting extranigral motor improvements in some animals. These results provide support for PBM as a successful neuroprotective therapy against the inflammatory component of early PD, provided inflammation has not reached a devastating level, as well as potential benefits in other motor funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to Co-hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass and swine manure: Hydrochar properties and heavy metal transformation behavior.Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Material, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, Co-hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass and swine manure (SM) was conducted, and the hydrochar properties and transformation behavior of heavy metals (HMs) were investigated in this study.
The results showed that co-HTC with lignocellulosic biomass promoted the dehydration of SM and enhanced the aromatization of the hydrochar. Compared to the hydrochar from SM, the carbon content, higher heating value and energy yield of the hydrochar from co-HTC were significantly increased, reaching the maximum of 575%, 240 kJ/kg and 807%, respectively. Significant synergy occurred between lignocellulosic biomass and SM during co-HTC and different lignocellulosic biomass exhibited similar influence on the synergy. Additionally, the concentration and bioavailability of HMs in the hydrochar from co-HTC were decreased in comparison to SM. These findings suggested that co-HTC with lignocellulosic biomass offered an effective approach to convert SM into clean solid fuel with remarkably Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SNAr) as an Approach to Challenging A general and practical route to carbohydrate-aryl ethers by nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is reported. Upon treatment with KHMDS, C-O bond formation occurs between carbohydrate alcohols and a diverse range of fluorinated (hetero)aromatics to provide the targets in good to excellent yields. Commercially available arylating agents, high atom economy, and high regioselectivity are notable features of the protocol.
The aryl ether products have potential for wide-ranging applications as exemplified by the synthesis of A new method for aromatic difluoromethylation: copper-catalyzed cross-coupling and decarboxylation sequence from aryl iodides.A new methodology for aromatic difluoromethylation is described. Aryl iodides reacted with α-silyldifluoroacetates upon treatment with copper catalyst in DMSO or DME to give the corresponding aryldifluoroacetates in moderate to good yields. 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of aryldifluoroacetates and KF-promoted decarboxylation afforded a variety of difluoromethyl aromatics.A Stable π-Conjugated Singlet Biradical.Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Seebio Photochemical Acid-forming Compound with a singlet biradical ground state has been obtained by the combined effects of topology and electron-accepting aromatic substituents, which stabilize its open-shell singlet state.© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Tunable star-shaped triphenylamine fluorophores for fluorescence quenching detection and identification of nitro-aromatic explosives.Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.Triphenylamine-based fluorophores containing pyrene or corannulene show variable fluorescence quenching sensitivity toward nitro explosives. The most sensitive fluorophore is capable of detecting TNT on the ng cm(-2) scale; the array is useful for identifying nitro aromatics.
