The macromolecular signature either aliphatic glycopeptides carbohydrates or aromatic coinciding with infrared patterns of lignin tannins etc

) enabled us to characterize the different organic fractions during the course of microbial transformation. The results reveal significant changes in the nitrogen speciation patterns within the different organic fractions isolated from the wastewater. 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution in the relative proportions of nitrogen in the least aromatic AS fraction during microbial transformation could be related to protein formation inside the bioreactor. After biological treatment and ultrafiltration, the amount of organic matter was reduced by approximately 70%, whereas aromaticity increased in all fractions, indicating preferential elimination of aliphatic wastewater compounds. Most of the remaining fractions at the end of the process consisted of a yellow residue rich in low molecular weight AS fractions.Characterization of aromatic acid/proton symporters in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 toward efficient microbial conversion of lignin-related aromatics.

Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (hereafter KT2440) is a well-studied platform bacterium for the production of industrially valuable chemicals from heterogeneous mixtures of aromatic compounds obtained from lignin depolymerization. KT2440 can grow on lignin-related monomers, such as ferulate (FA), 4-coumarate (4CA), vanillate (VA), 4-hydroxybenzoate (4HBA), and protocatechuate (PCA). Genes associated with their catabolism are known, but knowledge about the uptake systems remains limited. In this work, we studied the KT2440 transporters of lignin-related monomers and their substrate selectivity. Based on the inhibition by protonophores, we focused on five genes encoding aromatic acid/H+ symporter family transporters categorized into major facilitator superfamily that uses the proton motive force. The mutants of PP_1376 (pcaK) and PP_3349 (hcnK) exhibited significantly reduced growth on PCA/4HBA and FA/4CA, respectively, while no change was observed on VA for any of the five gene mutants.

At pH 9, the conversion of these compounds by hcnK mutant (FA/4CA) and vanK mutant (VA) was dramatically reduced, revealing that these transporters are crucial for the uptake of the anionic substrates at high pH. Uptake assays using 14C-labeled substrates in Escherichia coli and biosensor-based assays confirmed that PcaK, HcnK, and VanK have ability to take up PCA, FA/4CA, and VA/PCA, respectively. Additionally, analyses of the predicted protein structures suggest that the size and hydropathic properties of the substrate-binding sites of these transporters determine their substrate preferences. Overall, this study reveals that at physiological pH, PcaK and HcnK have a major role in the uptake of PCA/4HBA and FA/4CA, respectively, and VanK is a VA/PCA transporter. This information can contribute to the engineering of strains for the efficient conversion of lignin-related monomers to value-added Study on material structure design, selective adsorption mechanism, and application for adsorption recovery of oil substances in coal chemical of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, In response to the problem of high emulsified and dissolved oils being difficult to recovery from coal chemical wastewater (CCW), this study specifically constructed a non-polar, macropore, and hydrophobic adsorption material (pSt-X) based on the main components of these two oils (aromatics and phenols) for selective recovery. The results revealed that pSt-X had an adsorption capacity of 2152 mg/g, which had remained stable for multiple recycling sessions, with an adsorption capacity constantly above 95 %. The pSt-X has significantly larger particle size (0 mm-1 mm), which simplifies the process of adsorption regeneration and effectively prevents the loss of the adsorbent powder problem.

The pSt-X adsorbent demonstrated remarkable selectivity towards dissolved and emulsified oils, exhibiting removal rates of 90 % and 81 %, respectively. Moreover, pSt-X proved remarkable selectivity in removing aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and phenols, with impressive removal rates of 77 % and 85 %, respectively. The selective separation mechanism of pSt-X for oil substances was further analyzed, indicating that its selective adsorption of oils was primarily driven by hydrophobic, π-π, and hydrogen bonding interactions owing to its non-polar and macropore structure and hydrophobic properties. The results of this study provide solid theoretical support for green and low-carbon recovery of oil substances in CCW and are of positive practical importance for clean production in the coal chemical industry.declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this Development of a Fluorescent Nanofibrous Template by In Situ S(N)Ar Polymerization of Fluorine-Containing Terphenyls with Aliphatic Diols: Self-Assembly and Optical and Liquid Crystal Properties.University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.