Laccase was the most important enzyme during biodecolorization

Aside from the stimulating of laccase activity, lignin might be degraded by E. taxodii, and then these degraded low-molecular-weight metabolites could act as redox mediators promoting decolorization of azo dyes. The relationship between laccase and lignin degradation was investigated through decolorization tests in vitro with purified enzyme and dozens of aromatics, which can be derivatives of lignin and can function as laccase mediators or inducers. Dyes were decolorized at triple or even higher rates in certain laccase-aromatic systems at chemical concentrations Determination of nitroaromatic and nitramine type energetic materials in synthetic and real mixtures by cyclic voltammetry.Nitro-explosives contain reducible aromatic -NO2 groups or cyclic >N-NO2 bonds that may undergo reductive cleavage. This work reports the development of a cyclic voltammetric (CV) assay for nitro-aromatics (trinitrotoluene (TNT), dinitrotoluene (DNT)) and nitramines (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX)) using a glassy carbon electrode.

This determination was first used for these energetic materials by resolving current responses of reduction potentials primarily due to one constituent but partly contributed by other constituents. Calibration curves of current intensity versus concentration were linear in the range of 30-120 mg L(-1) for RDX with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 mg L(-1), 40-120 mg L(-1) for HMX (LOD=11 mg L(-1)), 40-120 mg L(-1) for TNT (LOD=11 mg L(-1)), and 40-140 mg L(-1) for DNT (LOD=10 mg L(-1)). Seebio Light-Induced Acid Source showed that the CV method could provide a sensitive approach for the simultaneous determination of RDX and TNT in synthetic and real mixtures. Deconvolution of current contributions of mixtures at peak potentials of constituents was performed by multiple linear regression. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of military explosives comp A5 and octol, and method validation was performed both against HPLC on a comp B (TNT+RDX) sample and against GC-MS on real post-blast residual samples containing both explosives.Estimating airborne benzene exposures from air monitoring data for mineral J Occup Environ Hyg. 2011 Dec;8(12):D139-43; author reply D143-8.

"Low aromatics" vs. " CAS:1610827-31-0 differ substantially in their aromatic hydrocarbon content. Mineral spirits contain benzene and other compounds that boil at temperatures below the cited boiling point range of 300 ° to 415 °F. Available published information shows that until at least 2000, the benzene content of regular mineral spirits was typically 0% wt/wt and at times could have been 1% wt/wt. The present analysis accounts for benzene's higher volatility compared to mineral spirits as a whole and applies thermodynamic principles to estimate benzene vapor exposure as a subset of measured exposure to total hydrocarbons generated by the evaporation of mineral spirits. For a scenario in which the bulk mineral spirits only partially evaporate, this analysis explains the error in assuming that the mole fraction of benzene to "everything else" is the same in the vapor and liquid phases. It is shown that for a given concentration of total hydrocarbon vapor, the benzene vapor concentration can be more than 65-fold greater during mineral spirits evaporation compared to after all the mineral spirits has evaporated.

In turn, it is reasonable to expect that during the use of regular mineral spirits, containing benzene typically at 0% wt/wt (as applies to usage prior to 2000), benzene vapor exposures could have exceeded 1 ppm even though the mineral spirits vapor exposure did not exceed 100 ppm, the ACGIH® TLV® time-weighted average (TWA) value for mineral spirits. The same analysis can be applied to current petrochemical products, such as toluene, that contain benzene and for which the required physico-chemical information is available. The analysis provides evidence that the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for a petrochemical product containing benzene at less than 0% wt/wt should, pursuant to Hazard Communication Standard requirements, identify the benzene as a hazardous Industrial effluent quality, pollution monitoring and environmental management.Commission at Yanbu, Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Royal Commission Environmental Control Department (RC-ECD) at Yanbu industrial city in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has established a well-defined monitoring program to control the pollution from industrial effluents. The quality of effluent from each facility is monitored round the clock. Different strategic measures have been taken by the RC-ECD to implement the zero discharge policy of RC.

Industries are required to pre-treat the effluent to conform pretreatment standards before discharging to central biological treatment plant. Industries are not allowed to discharge any treated or untreated effluent in open channels. After treatment, reclaimed water must have to comply with direct discharge standards before discharge to the sea.