High efficiency of this process can be achieved by the nearfield enhancement close to metallic NPs present in the polymer thin film
First evidence is given here with protected amine side groups when spin coating the copolymer over sharp gold edges as obtained from triangular metallic NPs (i.e. so-called Fischer pattern); after laser exposure at 790 nm, the photochemically deprotected amines were successfully photo-labeled and then © 2015 P. Reichenbach et al., published by De Gruyter.Chemical nature of humic substances in two typical Chinese soils (upland vs paddy soil): A comparative advanced solid state NMR study.
Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States.Knowledge of the structural features of humic substances (HSs) is essential for elucidating the mechanisms of humification in different soil environments and realizing their profound roles in environmental issues. 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of this work was to investigate the chemical structures of fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (HA) and humin (HM) fractions isolated from an upland soil (Fluvisol) and a paddy soil resonance (NMR) techniques. The results revealed that there were great structural differences of HSs between the two soils. The two FAs showed distinct quantitative differences in aliphatics with more polysaccharides in the FA from the upland soil than from the paddy soil. The HM from the upland soil differed from the paddy soil HM in having more proteins/peptides (23% vs 20%), total aromatics (21% vs 12%) as well as fewer lipids (24% vs 35%) and polysaccharides (27% vs 31%). The HM fractions represented the most different components of organic matter between the two soils.
The degree of difference between the two HAs fell in between that of FAs and HM fractions. In particular, the HA from the upland soil had relatively greater degree of aromaticity. Our study indicated that the upland soil exhibited a higher degree of humification compared with the paddy soil. Among the three humic fractions, the FAs featured COO/N-CO groups, and the HAs were more enriched in protonated aromatic C for both soils. In contrast, the two HM fractions contained more O-alkyl C and fewer aromatics than did the other humic fractions, being closer to the original organic materials in soils. We speculate that the evolutionary route of HSs is likely to be the transformation of original organic materials into HM, followed by increased degradation, further oxidization and conversion into HA, and then into FA.Mechanism of spatially resolved photochemical control of the resistivity of a of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
([Formula: see text]) during ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) irradiation, a series of photochemical products named β was obtained. The solid β was comprised of structurally different compounds. All of the solid β phases share the original differ from each other in their XRD patterns. They are divided into two phases: β1 and β2. Compared with the XRD pattern of the α phase, the β1 phase exhibited XRD peaks at the same 2θ-angles but with different relative intensities, while the β2 phase exhibited totally different XRD patterns from those of the α or β1 phases. The actual composition of a particular solid of 'β' phase is dependent upon irradiation time, and can be controlled continuously. Around RT, the α phase exhibits metallic conductivity, while the β1 and β2 phases are suggested to be semiconductors.
As a result, one can continuously and finely control the All-Photochemical Rotation of Molecular Motors with a Phosphorus Stereoelement.Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.Unidirectional molecular rotation based on alternating photochemical and thermal isomerizations of overcrowded alkenes is well established, but rotary cycles based purely on photochemical isomerizations are rare. Herein we report three new second-generation molecular motors featuring a phosphorus center in the lower half, which engenders a unique element of axial chirality. These motors exhibit unusual behavior, in that all four diastereomeric states can interconvert solely photochemically. Kinetic analysis and modeling reveal that the behavior of the new motors is consistent with all-photochemical unidirectional rotation. Furthermore, X-ray crystal structures of all four diastereomeric states of two of these new motors were obtained, which constitute the first achievements of crystallographic characterization of the full 360° rotational cycle of overcrowded-alkene-based molecular motors.
Finally, the axial phosphorus stereoelement in the phosphine motor can be thermally inverted, and this epimerization enables a "shortcut" of the traditional rotational cycle Functional and electrophysiological characterization of photochemical graded This study characterizes by functional and electrophysiological methods changes following photochemically induced injuries to the spinal cord in adult rats. The spinal cord was exposed by laminectomy and bathed with 1% rose bengal solution for 10 min (T12-L1 vertebrae). The excess dye was removed by saline rinse and the spinal cord was irradiated with "cold" light for 0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 min in different groups of rats. During the first 15 days postlesion, locomotion activity, pain sensibility, motor and somatosensory evoked potentials, and motor and nerve action potentials were evaluated.
