Heavy metals together with their associated water molecules decreased the sorption of target chemicals on BC700 via porefilling or poremouthcovering

Inhibition of heavy metals for 4-nitro-1-naphthol was found to be the weakest due to the bridge effects of heavy metals between 4-nitro-1-naphtol and BC700. The higher polarizability of Ag+ led to the increase of its sorption on biochars in the presence of organic aromatic pollutants. The results of the present study shed light on the sorption mechanisms of bi-solute systems and enable us to select suitable biochar Further studies of the Enhanced Structural Carborane Effect: tricarbonylruthenium and related derivatives of benzocarborane, dihydrobenzocarborane and biphenylcarborane.Detailed comparison of the molecular structures of Enhanced Structural Carborane Effect in 1 arising from the involvement of the cage pπ orbitals in the exopolyhedral ring to some degree. A minor co-product in Compounds 2 and 3 are readily interconverted, since heating 2 to reflux in THF or reaction with Me3NO affords 3 which readily reacts with CO to regenerate 2. The η-ene bonding in 3 is also displaced by PMe3, P(OMe)3 and t-BuNC to yield Structural studies of 4-6, focussing on the Exopolyhedral Ligand Orientation of the Ru(CO)2L fragment relative to the C2B3 carborane face, are discussed in terms of the structural trans effects of PMe3, P(OMe)3 and t-BuNC relative to that of CO.

An improved synthesis of [1,2-μ-(C6H4)2-1,2-closo-C2B10H10], "biphenylcarborane", is reported following which the first transition-metal of the structures of 7 and 8 with the corresponding benzocarborane derivatives [1,2-μ-(C4H4)-3-Cp-3,1,2-closo-CoC2B9H9] and 1, respectively, suggest that Clar's rule for aromaticity can be applied to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Designing ionic liquids: the chemical structure role in the toxicity.de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.Ionic liquids (ILs) are a novel class of solvents with interesting physicochemical properties. Many different applications have been reported for ILs as alternatives to organic solvents in chemical and bioprocesses. Despite Applications of 6-butyl-n-hydroxynaphthimide trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in Cross-Coupling Reactions argued advantage of having low vapor pressure, even the most hydrophobic ILs show some degree of solubility in water, allowing their dispersion into aquatic systems and raising concerns on its pollutant potential. Moreover, nowadays most widespread notion concerning the ILs toxicity is that there is a direct relationship with their hydrophobicity/lipophilicity. This work aims at enlarging the currently limited knowledge on ILs toxicity by addressing negative impacts in aquatic ecosystems and investigating the possibility of designing hydrophobic ILs of low ecotoxicity, by the manipulation of their chemical structures.

The impact of aromaticity on the toxicity of different cations (pyridinium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium and imidazolium) and hydrophobic anions analysed. Concomitantly, several imidazolium-based ILs of the type [C( n )C( m the alkyl chain on the ILs' toxicity. For that purpose, standard assays were performed using organisms of different trophic levels, Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Daphnia magna, allowing to evaluate the consistency of the structure-activity relationships across different biological targets. The results here reported suggest the possibility of designing ILs with an enhanced hydrophobic character and lower toxicity, by elimination of their Development of a carcinogenic potency index for dermal exposure to viscous oil Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) present in oil streams and formulated products are important determinants of possible carcinogenicity. Following dermal exposures the transport of the PACs from oil (the carrier) into the skin is a factor that may affect macromolecular (DNA) adduct formation and thus determine carcinogenicity. We have developed a mathematical model, which describes the flux into the skin for a representative carcinogenic PAC, benzo(a)pyrene. The model is based on measurements of the amount of benzo(a)pyrene bound to skin DNA or blood observed in mouse skin painting studies.

The degree of adduct formation from a particular oil product, which we term the Bioavailability Index (BI), was shown to be a function of both the viscosity of the oil product, which affected the transport of the PAC through the carrier, and the aromaticity, which affected the partition of PAC between the carrier and the skin. Literature data were analysed from mouse skin painting studies with mineral oils of known carcinogenicity. A linear relationship was shown between the amount of DNA adduct formation, expressed as alkylation frequency, and the arithmetic product of the total (3-6) ring PAC content and the BI, which we have termed the Carcinogenic Potency Index (CPI). Comparison of literature data on DNA alkylation frequencies for oil products and their carcinogenicity indicated that oils giving rise to an alkylation frequency below mouse skin. This threshold level can be translated into a value for the CPI, below which the genotoxic carcinogenic risk arising from skin contact with the oil product is considered to be negligible. The CPI for bitumens is well below this value, being both due to the low BI from bitumen, but more so, due to their low PAC content.